Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or lightly grease it. If you prefer frying, heat oil in a deep skillet over medium heat.
If your mashed potatoes are warm, cool them in the refrigerator until they’re easy to handle. Cold mashed potatoes are simpler to form into puffs and keep their shape better.
In a large bowl, combine the mashed potatoes, shredded cheddar, grated Parmesan, egg, garlic powder, salt, pepper, and chopped chives or parsley. Mix until uniform. Taste a small pinch (if safe) and adjust seasoning.
Stir in the flour a little at a time. The mixture should be sticky but firm enough to hold a small scoop. Add additional flour (1 tablespoon at a time) if needed — avoid making it dry.
Using a cookie scoop or two spoons, portion the mixture into 1 1/2–2 tablespoon mounds and place them on the prepared baking sheet, spacing them about 1 inch apart.
Brush each puff lightly with olive oil or melted butter. This helps them brown and crisp in the oven. For extra crunch, sprinkle a little extra Parmesan or panko on top.
Bake for 18–22 minutes, turning the baking sheet once halfway through, until the puffs are golden brown and slightly firm to the touch.
If frying, add puffs to the hot oil in batches, turning as needed, until they’re golden and crisp, about 3–4 minutes per side. Drain on paper towels.
Remove from the oven and let the puffs rest for 2–3 minutes — this helps them set so the cheese doesn’t immediately ooze out when bitten.
Serve warm with dipping sauces like sour cream and chive, spicy ketchup, or a simple herbed yogurt dip. Garnish with extra chopped chives or a light dusting of Parmesan.
Leftovers can be reheated in a 375°F (190°C) oven for 8–10 minutes to restore crispness, or crisped up in a skillet for a few minutes per side.